One of the most heavily traveled freeways in the United States closed for construction over weekends in 2011 and 2012. Some public officials publicized the closures by appealing to civic pride whereas others threatened nightmarish delays they dubbed “Carmageddon.” In 2011, contrary to many media predictions, traffic flowed freely at volumes far below normal levels. Our analysis finds that travelers did not switch routes, modes, or trip timing, but instead forewent thousands of trips. Travel behavior changes were far more modest and mixed during the second closure in 2012. Although the lack of traffic problems surprised many public officials, we find traveler responses to both events congruent with past research. Traveler responses to the first event were more dramatic but short-lived, while more modest but durable responses to the second event suggest that travelers learned from, and were perhaps jaded by, the histrionics surrounding the first closure. B., Hendrickson, C. Free Download Vera Program Logic Timer Switch Programs In Windows.

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Executive summary: Study of alternative transportation strategies during reconstruction of Parkway East, I-376, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Monroeville, PA: GAI Consultants. Bloomekatz, A. ( 2011, June 7). Motorists warned about “nightmare” of 405 closure. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from Colbert, S.

In The Colbert Report. Retrieved from Downs, A. Still stuck in traffic: Coping with peak-hour traffic congestion. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Carmageddon lowdown: What you need to know.

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Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 1(2), 1- 20. Giuliano, G., Prashker, J. Changes in travel demand characteristics during the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Irvine: Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine.

Travel impact evaluation for major highway reconstruction projects. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 116, 64- 80., Meyer, M. Reconstructing major transportation facilities: The case of Boston’s Southeast Expressway. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1021, 1- 9. Mokhtarian, P. L., Ye, L., Yun, M.

Effects of gender on commuter behavior changes in the context of a major freeway reconstruction. Women’s issues in transportation: Summary of the 4th international conference, Conference Proceedings 46, Volume 2: Technical papers (pp. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. Monismith, C.